@InCollection{luettin-nato96,
  author =       "Juergen Luettin and Neil A. Thacker and Steve W. Beet",
  title =        "Active Shape Models for Visual Speech Feature Extraction",
  booktitle =    "Speechreading by Humans and Machines",
  publisher =    "Springer Verlag",
  year =         1996,
  editor =       "D. G. Storck and M. E. Hennecke (editors)",
  volume =       150,
  series =       "{NATO ASI} Series, Series {F}: Computer and Systems Sciences",
  pages =        "383-390",
  address =      "Berlin",
  abstract =     "Most approaches for lip modelling are based on
                  heuristic constraints imposed by the user. We
                  describe the use of Active Shape Models for
                  extracting visual speech features for use by
                  automatic speechreading systems, where the
                  deformation of the lip model as well as image search
                  is based on a priori knowledge learned from a
                  training set. We demonstrate the robustness and
                  accuracy of the technique for locating and tracking
                  lips on a database consisting of a broad variety of
                  talkers and lighting conditions.",
  IPDmembership= "vision",
  IPDpostScript= "ftp://ftp.idiap.ch/pub/papers/vision/luettin_nato96.ps.gz"
}